[The following is an ecumenical statement that has been
endorsed by many prominent 'Evangelical' Christians. Indeed, many
books and writings by other "Evangelicals" also openly
subscribe to "Ecumenicalism". For this paper, Boldface, Underlines,
and [bracket] comments in the E.C.T. document are mine, as are paragraph
breaks. Underlines
are not necessarily links.
The following words in the declaration below need
precise and consistent definition, and the actual definitions are not
given in the text or any supplementary material. These words are
obviously defined according to the different "faith
traditions" and so they don't mean the same thing. The
result is that we are not speaking the same language.
Christians
Non-Christians
Salvation
Redemption
The
Gospel
Mission
The Church
Unity
Truth
In fact, doctrines and practices of conservative Evangelicals
{Reformation Protestants} and
conservative [Roman] Catholic authorities still show widely divergent
understanding and application of the words "Salvation",
"Mission", and "The Church", and indeed of
"Christians". Those foundational doctrinal differences
led to historical conflict (both verbal and armed) between Evangelicals
and [Roman] Catholics. A reading of Foxes
Book of Martyrs shows just how important those doctrines were to
Evangelicals and to Roman Catholics. While the actual doctrines and
practices of each 'Christian communion' haven't changed much over the
centuries since the Reformation and the Council of Trent (the
"Counter-Reformation"), many now
consider doctrinal distinctions as unimportant, and hence the ongoing
attempts toward 'ecumenicalism' and away from doctrinal positions.
Although today's fellowship between many Evangelicals and true Catholic
brothers in the "faith once delivered to the saints" can be genuine, the
actual Roman Catholic Doctrine and Practice from the
Apostolic Age to the rise of the dominant Roman Catholic Church led to
their appeal to Scripture plus Tradition (with emphasis upon Sacraments); whereas the
foundational faith of the Apostles, indeed of the whole Protestant
Reformation was "Sola Scriptura" (with emphasis upon Faith). Before and since the
Council of Trent, salvation for the Catholic is through The Church &
the Sacraments - the
Catholic Gospel. Conservative Catholics, and those in
Roman Catholic authority, do not draw back
from the insistence that "The Church" always means the Roman
Catholic Church, while the less strict {and my own Roman Catholic friends} now allow that
"the
separated brethren", who don't submit to the authority of the
Roman Catholic church, are nonetheless "Christian". It is this
web site author's position, that the attempt to have "Evangelicals
& {Roman} Catholics Together" is ignoring the doctrinal basis
of each,
and is appealing to the modern religious sense that there is no real
difference between any of the world's religions anyway and
that we should emphasize our "Common Ground" without bothering
about definitions.
The Reformation Martyrs testified differently. However, I
do not outright dismiss the evangelical brothers who have added their
signatures to the "ECT" document, but they seem to assume
that the terms listed above have "orthodox" definitions, while
non-evangelicals use broader or different definitions as
evidenced by documented Roman Catholic doctrine. To me, those
definitions are very important to the understanding of the "ECT"
document. After all, what is a specific word for if not to
communicate the same thing? Or, do we say with Humpty
Dumpty, a word means "just what I choose it to mean"? -
Alice in Wonderland. ]

Evangelicals & Catholics Together:
The Christian Mission in the Third
Millennium
Copyright (c) 1994 First Things 43 (May 1994): 15-22. ( http://www.onebody.org/ect2.htm
)
The following statement is the product of consultation, beginning in
September 1992, between Evangelical Protestant and Roman Catholic Christians.
Appended to the text is a list of participants in the consultation and of
others who have given their support to this declaration.
Introduction
We are Evangelical Protestants and Roman Catholics who have been led
through prayer, [Bible?]
study, and discussion to common convictions about Christian
faith and mission. This statement cannot speak officially
for our communities. It does intend to speak responsibly from our
communities and to our communities. In this statement we address what we
have discovered both about our unity and about our
differences. We are aware that our experience reflects the distinctive
circumstances and opportunities of Evangelicals and Catholics living
together in North America. At the same time, we believe that what we have
discovered and resolved is pertinent to the relationship between
Evangelicals and Catholics in other parts of the world. We therefore
commend this statement to their prayerful consideration.
As the Second Millennium draws to a close, the Christian mission
in world history faces a moment of daunting Opportunity and
responsibility. If in the merciful and mysterious ways of God the Second
Coming is delayed, we enter upon a Third Millennium that could be, in the
words of John Paul II, "a springtime of world missions."
(Redemptoris Missio) As Christ is one, so the Christian mission
is one. That one mission can be and should be advanced in diverse ways. [but
not with a different gospel] Legitimate
diversity, however, should not be confused with existing divisions between
Christians that obscure the one Christ and hinder the one Mission.
There is a necessary connection between the visible Unity of
Christians and the Mission of the one Christ.
We together pray for the fulfillment of the prayer of Our Lord: "May
they all be one; as you, Father, are in me, and I in you, so also may they
be in us, that the world may believe that you sent me." (John 17) We
together, Evangelicals and Catholics, confess our sins against the Unity
that Christ intends for all his disciples.
The one Christ and one Mission includes many other Christians,
notably the Eastern Orthodox and those Protestants not commonly identified
as Evangelical. All Christians are encompassed in the
prayer, "May they all be one." {this
is a revealing statement, since it assumes that anyone who would call
themselves a "Christian" is one.}
Our present statement attends to the specific problems and
opportunities in the relationship between Roman Catholics and Evangelical
Protestants. As we near the Third Millennium, there are approximately 1.7
billion Christians in the world. About a billion of these
are Catholics and more than 300 million are Evangelical Protestants. The
century now drawing to a close has been the greatest century of Missionary
expansion in Christian history. We pray and we believe that
this expansion has prepared the way for yet greater Missionary endeavor in
the first century of the Third Millennium. The two communities in world
Christianity that are most evangelistically assertive and most
rapidly growing are Evangelicals and Catholics. In many parts of the
world, the relationship between these communities is marked more by
conflict than by cooperation, more by animosity than by love, more by
suspicion than by trust, more by propaganda and ignorance than by respect
for
the truth. This is alarmingly the case in Latin America, increasingly
the case in Eastern Europe, and too often the case in our own country.
Without ignoring conflicts between and within other Christian
communities, we address ourselves to the relationship between Evangelicals
and Catholics, who constitute the growing edge of Missionary expansion at
present and, most likely, in the century ahead. In doing so, we hope that
what we have discovered and resolved may be of help in other situations of
conflict, such as that among Orthodox, Evangelicals, and Catholics
in Eastern Europe.
While we are gratefully aware of ongoing efforts to
address tensions among these communities, the shameful reality is that, in
many places around the world, the scandal of conflict between Christians
obscures the scandal of the cross, thus crippling the one Mission
of the one Christ. As in times past, so also today and in the future, the Christian
Mission, which is directed to the entire human Community,
must be advanced against formidable opposition. In some cultures, that Mission
encounters resurgent spiritualities and religions that are explicitly
hostile to the claims of the Christ. Islam, which in many instances denies
the freedom to witness to the Gospel, must be of increasing concern to
those who care about religious freedom and the Christian Mission.
Mutually respectful conversation between Muslims and Christians
should be encouraged in the hope that more of the world will, in the
oft-repeated words of John Paul II, "open the door to Christ."
At the same time, in our so-called developed societies, a widespread
secularization increasingly descends into a moral, intellectual, and
spiritual nihilism that denies not only the One who is the Truth but the
very idea of truth itself. We enter the twenty-first century without
illusions. With Paul and the Christians of the first
century, we know that "we are not contending against flesh and blood,
but against the principalities, against the powers, against the world
rulers of this present darkness, against the spiritual hosts of wickedness
in the heavenly places." (Ephesians 6)
As Evangelicals and Catholics,
we dare not by needless and loveless conflict between ourselves give aid
and comfort to the enemies of the cause of Christ. The love of Christ
compels us and we are therefore resolved to avoid such conflict between
our communities and, where such conflict exists, to do what we can to
reduce and eliminate it. Beyond that, we are called and we are therefore
resolved to explore patterns of working and witnessing together in order
to advance the one Mission of Christ. Our common resolve is
not based merely on a desire for harmony. We reject any appearance of
harmony that is purchased at the price of truth. [This
is a peculiar statement since the actual 'Christian' doctrines, i.e.
'truth', are so divergent as attested by the Reformation & the Counter
Reformation.] Our common resolve is
made imperative by obedience to the truth of God revealed in the Word of
God, the Holy Scriptures, and by trust in the promise of the Holy Spirit's
guidance until Our Lord returns in glory to judge the living and the dead.
The Mission that we embrace together is the necessary
consequence of the faith that we affirm together.
We Affirm Together
Jesus Christ is Lord. That is the first and final affirmation that Christians
make about all of reality. He is the One sent by God to be Lord and Savior
of all: "And there is Salvation in no one else, for
there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be
saved." (Acts 4) Christians are people ahead of time,
those who proclaim now what will one day be acknowledged by all, that
Jesus Christ is Lord. (Philippians 2) We affirm together that we are
justified by grace through faith because of Christ. Living faith is active
in love that is nothing less than the love of Christ, for we together say
with Paul: "I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who
live, but Christ who lives in me; and the life I now live in the flesh I
live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for
me." (Galatians 2) All who accept Christ as Lord and Savior are
brothers and sisters in Christ. Evangelicals and Catholics are brothers
and sisters in Christ. We have not chosen one another, just as we have not
chosen Christ. He has chosen us, and he has chosen us to be his together.
(John 15) However imperfect our
communion with one another, however deep our disagreements with one
another, we recognize that there is but one Church of
Christ. There is one Church because there is one Christ and
the Church is his body. However difficult the way, we
recognize that we are called by God to a fuller realization of our Unity
in the body of Christ. The only Unity to which we would give
expression is Unity in the truth, and the truth is this:
"There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to the one
hope that belongs to your call, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God
and Father of us all, who is above all and through all and in all."
(Ephesians 4)
We affirm together that Christians are to
teach and live in obedience to the divinely inspired Scriptures, which are
the infallible Word of God. We further affirm together that Christ has
promised to his Church the gift of the Holy Spirit who will
lead us into all truth in discerning and declaring the teaching of
Scripture. (John 16) We recognize together that the Holy Spirit has so
guided his Church in the past. In, for instance, the
formation of the canon of the Scriptures, and in the orthodox response to
the great Christological and Trinitarian controversies of the early
centuries, we confidently acknowledge the guidance of the Holy Spirit.
In faithful response to the Spirit's leading, the Church
formulated the Apostles Creed, which we can and hereby do affirm together
as an accurate statement of scriptural truth:
I believe in God, the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth.
I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord. He was conceived by
the power of the Holy Spirit and born of the virgin Mary. He suffered
under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended
into hell. On the third day he rose again. He ascended into heaven, and is
seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again to judge the
living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church,
the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the
body, and the life everlasting. Amen.
We Hope Together
We hope together that all people will come to faith in Jesus Christ as
Lord and Savior. This hope makes necessary the Church's
Missionary zeal. "But how are they to call upon him in whom they have
not believed? And how are they to believe in him of whom they have never
heard? And how are they to hear without a preacher? And how can men preach
unless they are sent?" (Romans 10) The Church is by
nature, in all places and at all times, in Mission. Our
Missionary hope is inspired by the revealed desire of God that "all
should be saved and come to a knowledge of the truth." (1 Timothy 2)
The Church lives by and for the Great Commission: "Go
therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of
the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe
all that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, to the close
of the age." (Matthew 28) Unity and love among Christians
is an integral part of our Missionary witness to the Lord whom we serve.
"A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another; even as
I have loved you, that you also love one another. By this all men will
know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another."
(John 13) If we do not love one another, we
disobey his command and contradict the Gospel we declare. As
Evangelicals and Catholics, we pray that our Unity in the
love of Christ will become ever more evident as a sign to the world of
God's reconciling power. Our communal and ecclesial separations are deep
and long standing. We acknowledge that we do not know the schedule nor do
we know the way to the greater visible Unity for which we
hope. We do know that existing patterns of distrustful polemic and
conflict are not the way. We do know that God who has brought us into
communion with
himself through Christ intends that we also be in communion with one
another. We do know that Christ is the way, the truth, and the life (John
14) and as we are drawn closer to him-walking in that way, obeying that
truth, living that life-we are drawn closer to one another. Whatever may
be the future form of the relationship between our communities, we can, we
must, and we will begin now the work required to remedy what we know to be
wrong in that relationship. Such work requires trust and understanding,
and trust and understanding require an assiduous
attention to truth. We do not deny but clearly assert that there are
disagreements between us. Misunderstandings, misrepresentations, and
caricatures of one another, however, are not disagreements. These
distortions must be cleared away if we are to search through our honest
differences in a manner consistent with what we affirm and hope together
on the basis of God's Word.
We Search Together
Together we search for a fuller and clearer understanding of God's
revelation in Christ and his will for his disciples. Because of the
limitations of human reason and language, which limitations are compounded
by sin, we cannot understand completely the transcendent reality of God
and his ways. Only in the End Time will we see face to face and know as we
are known. (1 Corinthians 13) We now search together in confident reliance
upon God's self-revelation in Jesus Christ, the sure testimony of Holy
Scripture, and the promise of the Spirit to his Church.
In
this search to understand the truth more fully and clearly, we need one
another. We are both informed and limited by the histories of our
communities and by our own experiences. Across the divides of communities
and experiences, we need to challenge one another, always speaking the
truth in love building up the Body. (Ephesians 4) We do not presume to
suggest that we can resolve the deep and long- standing differences
between Evangelicals and Catholics. Indeed these differences may never be
resolved short of the Kingdom Come. Nonetheless, we are not permitted
simply to resign ourselves to differences that divide us from one another.
Not all differences are authentic disagreements, nor need all
disagreements divide. Differences and disagreements must be tested in
disciplined and sustained conversation. In this connection we warmly
commend and encourage the formal theological dialogues of recent years
between Roman Catholics and Evangelicals. We note some of the differences
and disagreements that must be addressed more fully and candidly in order
to strengthen between us a relationship of trust in obedience to truth.
Among points of difference in doctrine, worship, practice, and piety that
are frequently thought to divide us are these:
 | The Church as an integral part of the Gospel or the Church
as a communal consequence of the Gospel. |
 | The Church as visible communion or invisible
fellowship of true believers. |
 | The sole authority of Scripture (sola scriptura) or Scripture as
authoritatively interpreted in the Church. |
 | The "soul freedom" of the individual Christian
or the Magisterium (teaching authority) of the Community. |
 | The Church as local congregation or universal
communion. |
 | Ministry ordered in apostolic succession or the priesthood of all
believers. |
 | Sacraments and ordinances as symbols of grace or means of grace. |
 | The Lord's Supper as eucharistic sacrifice or memorial meal. |
 | Remembrance of Mary and the saints or devotion to Mary and the
saints. |
 | Baptism as sacrament of regeneration or testimony to regeneration. |
This account of differences is by no means complete. Nor is the
disparity between positions always so sharp as to warrant the
"or" in the above formulations. Moreover, among those recognized
as Evangelical Protestants there are significant differences between, for
example, Baptists, Pentecostals, and Calvinists on these questions. But
the differences mentioned above reflect disputes that are deep and long
standing. In at least some instances, they reflect authentic disagreements
that have been in the past and are at present barriers to full communion
between Christians. On these questions, and other questions
implied by them, Evangelicals hold that the Catholic Church
has gone beyond Scripture, adding teachings and practices that detract
from or compromise the Gospel of God's saving grace in Christ. Catholics,
in turn, hold that such teachings and practices are grounded in Scripture
and belong to the fullness of God's revelation. Their rejection, Catholics
say, results in a truncated and reduced understanding of the Christian
reality. Again, we cannot resolve these disputes here. We can and do
affirm together that the entirety of Christian faith, life,
and Mission finds its source, center, and end in the
crucified and risen Lord. We can and do pledge that we will continue to
search together-through study, discussion, and prayer-for a better
understanding of one another's convictions and a more adequate
comprehension of the truth of God in Christ. We can testify now that in
our searching together we have discovered what we can affirm together and
what we can hope together and, therefore, how we can contend together.
We Contend Together
As we are bound together by Christ and his cause, so we are bound
together in contending against all that opposes Christ and his cause. We
are emboldened not by illusions of easy triumph but by faith in his
certain triumph. Our Lord wept over Jerusalem, and he now weeps over a
world that does not know the time of its visitation. The raging of the
principalities and powers may increase as the End Time nears, but the
outcome of the contest is assured. The cause of Christ is the cause and Mission
of the Church, which is, first of all, to proclaim the Good
News that "God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not
counting their trespasses against them, and entrusting to us the message
of reconciliation." (2 Corinthians 5) To proclaim this Gospel and to
sustain the Community of faith, worship, and discipleship that is
gathered by this Gospel is the first and chief responsibility of the Church.
All other tasks and responsibilities of the Church are
derived from and directed toward the Mission of the Gospel. Christians
individually and the Church corporately also have a
responsibility for the right ordering of civil society. We embrace this
task soberly; knowing the consequences of human sinfulness, we resist the
utopian conceit that it is within our
powers to build the Kingdom of God on earth. We embrace this task
hopefully; knowing that God has called us to love our neighbor, we seek to
secure for all a greater measure of civil righteousness and justice,
confident that he will crown our efforts when he rightly orders all things
in the coming of his Kingdom. In the exercise of these public
responsibilities there has been in recent years a growing convergence and
cooperation between Evangelicals and Catholics. We thank God for the
discovery of one another in contending for a common cause. Much more
important, we thank God for the discovery of one another as
brothers and
sisters in Christ. Our cooperation as citizens is animated by our
convergence as Christians. We promise one another that we
will work to deepen, build upon, and expand this pattern of convergence
and cooperation. Together we contend for the truth that politics, law, and
culture must be secured by moral truth. With the Founders of the American
experiment, we declare, "We hold these truths." With them, we
hold that this constitutional order is composed not just of rules and
procedures but is most essentially a moral experiment. With them, we hold
that only a virtuous people can be free and just, and that virtue is
secured by religion. To propose that securing civil virtue is the purpose
of religion is blasphemous. To deny that securing civil virtue is a
benefit of religion is blindness. Americans are drifting away from, are
often explicitly defying, the constituting truths of this experiment in
ordered liberty. Influential sectors of the culture are laid waste by
relativism, anti- intellectualism, and nihilism that deny the very idea of
truth. Against such influences in both the elite and popular culture, we
appeal to reason and religion in contending for the foundational truths of
our constitutional order. More specifically, we contend together for
religious freedom. We do so for the sake of religion, but also because
religious freedom is the first freedom, the source and shield of all human
freedoms. In their relationship to God, persons have a dignity and
responsibility that transcends, and thereby limits, the authority of the
state and of every other merely human institution. Religious freedom is
itself grounded in and is a product of religious faith, as is evident in
the history of Baptists and others in this country.
Today we rejoice
together that the Roman Catholic Church-as affirmed by the
Second Vatican Council and boldly exemplified in the ministry of John Paul
II-is strongly committed to religious freedom and, consequently, to the
defense of all human rights. Where Evangelicals and Catholics are in
severe and sometimes violent conflict, such as parts of Latin America, we
urge Christians to embrace and act upon the imperative of
religious freedom. Religious freedom will not be respected by the state if
it is not respected by Christians or, even worse, if Christians
attempt to recruit the state in repressing religious freedom. In this
country, too, freedom of religion cannot be taken for granted but requires
constant attention. We strongly affirm the separation of Church
and state, and just as strongly protest the distortion of that principle
to mean the separation of religion from public life. We are deeply
concerned by the courts' narrowing of the protections provided by the
"free exercise" provision of the First Amendment and by an
obsession with "no establishment" that stifles the necessary
role of religion in American life. As a consequence of such distortions,
it is increasingly the case that wherever government goes religion must
retreat, and government increasingly goes almost everywhere. Religion,
which was privileged and foundational in our legal order, has in recent
years been penalized and made marginal. We contend together for a renewal
of the constituting vision of the place of religion in the American
experiment. Religion and religiously grounded moral conviction is not an
alien or threatening force in our public life. For the great majority of
Americans, morality is derived, however variously and confusedly, from
religion. The argument, increasingly voiced in sectors of our political
culture, that religion should be excluded from the public square must be
recognized as an assault upon the most elementary principles of democratic
governance. That argument needs to be exposed and countered by leaders,
religious and other, who care about the integrity of our constitutional
order. The pattern of convergence and cooperation between Evangelicals and
Catholics is, in large part, a result of common effort to protect human
life, especially the lives of the most vulnerable among us. With the
Founders, we hold that all human beings are endowed by their Creator with
the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The statement
that the unborn child is a human life that-barring natural misfortune or
lethal Intervention-will become what everyone recognizes as a human baby
is not a religious assertion. It is a statement of simple biological fact.
That the unborn child has a right to protection, including the protection
of law, is a moral statement supported by moral reason and biblical truth.
We, therefore, will persist in contending-we will not be discouraged but
will multiply every effort-in order to secure the legal protection of the
unborn. Our goals are: to secure due process of law for the unborn, to
enact the most protective laws and public policies that are politically
possible, and to reduce dramatically the incidence of abortion. We warmly
commend those who have established thousands of crisis pregnancy and
postnatal care centers across the country, and urge that such efforts be
multiplied. As the unborn must be protected, so also must women be
protected from their current rampant exploitation by the abortion industry
and by fathers who refuse to accept responsibility for mothers and
children. Abortion on demand, which is the current rule in America, must
be recognized as a massive attack on the dignity, rights, and needs of
women. Abortion is the leading edge of an encroaching culture of death.
The helpless old, the radically handicapped, and others who cannot
effectively assert their rights are increasingly treated as though they
have no rights. These are the powerless who are exposed to the will and
whim of those who have power over them. We will do all in our power to
resist proposals for euthanasia, eugenics, and population control that
exploit the vulnerable, corrupt the integrity of medicine, deprave our
culture, and betray the moral truths of our constitutional order. In
public education, we contend together for schools that transmit to coming
generations our cultural heritage, which is inseparable from the formative
influence of religion, especially Judaism and Christianity.
Education for responsible citizenship and social behavior is inescapably
moral education. Every effort must be made to cultivate the morality of
honesty, law observance, work, caring, chastity, mutual respect between
the sexes, and readiness for marriage, parenthood, and family. We reject the claim that, in any or all of
these areas, "tolerance" requires the promotion of moral
equivalence between the normative and the deviant. In a democratic society
that recognizes that parents have the primary responsibility for the
formation of their children, schools are to assist and support, not oppose
and undermine, parents in the exercise of their responsibility. We contend
together for a comprehensive policy of parental choice in education. This
is a moral question of simple justice. Parents are the primary educators
of their children; the state and other institutions should be supportive of
their exercise of that responsibility. We affirm policies that enable
parents to effectively exercise their right and responsibility to choose
the schooling that they consider best for their children. We contend
together against the widespread pornography in our society, along with the
celebration of violence, sexual depravity, and anti-religious bigotry in
the entertainment media. In resisting such cultural and moral debasement,
we recognize the legitimacy of boycotts and other consumer actions, and
urge the enforcement of existing laws against obscenity. We reject the
self-serving claim of the peddlers of depravity that this constitutes
illegitimate censorship. We reject the assertion of the unimaginative that
artistic creativity is to be measured by the capacity to shock or outrage.
A people incapable of defending decency invites the rule of viciousness,
both public and personal. We contend for a renewed spirit of acceptance,
understanding, and cooperation across lines of religion, race, ethnicity,
sex, and class. We are all created in the image of God and are accountable to him. That truth is the basis of individual
responsibility and equality before the law. The abandonment of that truth
has resulted in a society at war with itself, pitting citizens against one
another in bitter conflicts of group grievances and claims to entitlement.
Justice and social amity require a redirection of public attitudes and
policies so that rights are joined to duties and people are rewarded
according to their character and competence. We contend for a free
society, including a vibrant market economy. A free society requires a
careful balancing between economics, politics, and culture. Christianity
is not an ideology and therefore does not prescribe precisely how that
balance is to be achieved in every circumstance. We affirm the importance
of a free economy not only because it is more efficient but because it
accords with a Christian understanding of human freedom.
Economic freedom, while subject to grave abuse, makes possible the
patterns of creativity, cooperation, and accountability that contribute to
the common good. We contend together for a renewed appreciation of Western
culture. In its history and Missionary reach, Christianity
engages all cultures while being captive to none. We are keenly aware of,
and grateful for, the role of Christianity in shaping and
sustaining the Western culture of which we are part. As with all of
history, that culture is marred by human sinfulness. Alone among world
cultures, however, the West has cultivated an attitude of self-criticism
and of eagerness to learn from other cultures. What is called
multiculturalism can mean respectful attention to human differences. More
commonly today, however, multiculturalism means affirming all cultures but
our own. Welcoming the contributions of other cultures and being ever
alert to the limitations of our own, we receive Western culture as our
legacy and embrace it as our task in order to transmit it as a gift to
future generations. We contend for public policies that demonstrate
renewed respect for the irreplaceable role of mediating structures in
society-notably the family, Churches, and myriad voluntary
associations. The state is not the society, and many of the most important
functions of society are best addressed in independence from the state.
The role of Churches in responding to a wide variety of
human needs, especially among the poor and marginal, needs to be protected
and strengthened. Moreover, society is not the aggregate of isolated
individuals bearing rights but is composed of communities that inculcate
responsibility, sustain shared memory, provide mutual aid, and nurture the
habits that contribute to both personal well-being and the common good.
Most basic among such communities is the Community of the family.
Laws and social policies should be designed with particular care for the
stability and flourishing of families. While the crisis of the family in
America is by no means limited to the poor or to the underclass,
heightened attention must be paid those who have become, as a result of
well-intended but misguided statist policies, virtual wards of the
government. Finally, we contend for a realistic and responsible
understanding of America's part in world affairs. Realism and
responsibility require that we avoid both the illusions of unlimited power
and righteousness, on the one hand, and the timidity and selfishness of
isolationism, on the other. U.S. foreign policy should reflect a concern
for the defense of democracy and, wherever prudent and possible, the
protection and advancement of human rights, including religious freedom.
The above is a partial list of public responsibilities on which we believe
there is a pattern of convergence and cooperation between Evangelicals and
Catholics. We reject the notion that this constitutes a partisan
"religious agenda" in American politics. Rather, this is a set
of directions oriented to the common good and discussable on the basis of
public reason. While our sense of civic responsibility is informed and
motivated by Christian faith, our intention is to elevate
the level of political and moral discourse in a manner that excludes no
one and invites the participation of all people of good will. To that end,
Evangelicals and Catholics have made an inestimable contribution in the
past and, it is our hope, will contribute even more effectively in the
future. We are profoundly aware that the American experiment has been, all
in all, a blessing to the world and a blessing to us as Evangelical and
Catholic Christians. We are determined to assume our full
share of responsibility for this "one nation under God,"
believing it to be a nation under the judgment, mercy, and providential
care of the Lord of the nations to whom alone we render unqualified
allegiance.
We Witness Together
The question of Christian witness unavoidably returns us
to points of serious tension between Evangelicals and Catholics. Bearing
witness to the saving power of Jesus Christ and his will for our lives is
an integral part of Christian discipleship. The achievement
of good will and cooperation between Evangelicals and Catholics must not
be at the price of the urgency and clarity of Christian
witness to the Gospel. At the same time, and as noted earlier, Our Lord
has made clear that the evidence of love among his disciples is an
integral part of that Christian witness.
Today, in this country and elsewhere, Evangelicals and
Catholics attempt to win "converts" from one another's folds. In
some ways, this is perfectly understandable and perhaps inevitable. In
many instances, however, such efforts at recruitment undermine the Christian
Mission by which we are bound by God's Word and to which we
have recommitted ourselves in this statement. It should be clearly
understood between Catholics and Evangelicals that Christian
witness is of necessity aimed at conversion. Authentic conversion is-in
its beginning, in its end, and all along the way-conversion to God in
Christ by the power of the Spirit. In this connection, we embrace as our
own the explanation of the Baptist-Roman Catholic International
Conversation (1988):
Conversion is turning away from all that is opposed to God,
contrary to Christ's teaching, and turning to God, to Christ, the Son,
through the work of the Holy Spirit. It entails a turning from the
self-centeredness of sin to faith in Christ as Lord and Savior.
Conversion is a passing from one way of life to another new one,
marked with the newness of Christ. It is a continuing process so that
the whole life of a Christian should be a passage from
death to life, from error to truth, from sin to grace. Our life in
Christ demands continual growth in God's grace. Conversion is personal
but not private. Individuals respond in faith to God's call but faith
comes from hearing the proclamation of the word of God and is to be
expressed in the life together in Christ that is the Church.
[where is the 'Substitutionary
Atonement of Christ'?]
By preaching, teaching, and life example, Christians
witness to Christians and non-Christians
alike. We seek and pray for the conversion of others, even as we recognize
our own continuing need to be fully converted. As we strive to make Christian
faith and life-our own and that of others-ever more intentional rather
than nominal, ever more committed rather than apathetic, we also recognize
the different forms that authentic discipleship can take. As is evident in
the two thousand year history of the Church, and in our
contemporary experience, there are
different ways of being Christian, and some of these ways
are distinctively marked by communal patterns of worship, piety, and
catechesis. That we are all to be one does not mean that we are all to be
identical in our way of following the one Christ. Such distinctive
patterns of discipleship, it should be noted, are amply evident within the
communion of the Catholic Church as well as within the many
worlds of Evangelical Protestantism. It is understandable that Christians
who bear witness to the Gospel try to persuade others that their
communities and traditions are more fully in accord with the Gospel. There
is a necessary distinction between evangelizing and what is today commonly
called proselytizing or "sheep stealing." We condemn the
practice of recruiting people from another Community for purposes
of denominational or institutional aggrandizement. At the same time, our
commitment to full religious freedom compels us to defend the legal
freedom to proselytize even as we call upon Christians to
refrain from such activity. Three observations are in order in connection
with proselytizing. First,
as much as we might believe one Community is more fully in
accord with the Gospel than another, we as Evangelicals and Catholics
affirm that Opportunity and means for growth in Christian
discipleship are available in our several communities. Second, the
decision of the committed Christian with respect to his
communal allegiance and participation must be assiduously respected.
Third, in view of the large number of non-Christians in the
world and the enormous challenge of our common evangelistic task, it is
neither theologically legitimate nor a prudent use of resources for one Christian
Community to proselytize among active adherents of
another Christian Community. Christian
witness must always be made in a spirit of love and humility. It must not
deny but must readily accord to everyone the full freedom to discern and
decide what is God's will for his life. Witness that is in service to the
truth is in service to such freedom. Any form of coercion-physical,
psychological, legal, economic-corrupts Christian witness
and is to be unqualifiedly rejected. Similarly, bearing false witness
against other persons and communities,
or casting unjust and uncharitable suspicions upon them, is
incompatible with the Gospel. Also to be rejected is the practice of
comparing the strengths and ideals of one Community with the
weaknesses and failures of another. In describing the teaching and
practices of other Christians, we must strive to do so in a
way that they would recognize as fair and accurate. In considering the
many corruptions of Christian witness, we, Evangelicals and
Catholics, confess that we have sinned against one another and against
God. We most earnestly ask the forgiveness of God
and one another, and pray for the grace to amend our own lives and that
of our communities. Repentance and amendment of life do not dissolve
remaining differences between us. In the context of evangelization and
"reevangelization," we encounter a major difference in our
understanding of the relationship between baptism and the new birth in
Christ. For Catholics, all who are validly baptized are born again and are
truly, however imperfectly, in communion with Christ. That baptismal grace
is to be continuingly reawakened and revivified through conversion. For
most Evangelicals, but not all, the experience of conversion is to be
followed by baptism as a sign of new birth. For Catholics, all the
baptized are already members of the Church, however dormant
their faith and life; for many Evangelicals, the new birth requires
baptismal initiation into the Community of the born again. These
differing beliefs about the relationship between baptism, new birth, and
membership in the Church should be honestly presented to the
Christian who has undergone conversion. But again, his
decision regarding
communal allegiance and participation must be assiduously respected.
There are, then, differences between us that cannot be resolved here. But
on this we are resolved: All authentic witness must be aimed at conversion
to God in Christ by the power of the Spirit. Those converted- whether
understood as having received the new birth for the first time or as
having experienced the reawakening of the new birth originally bestowed in
the sacrament of baptism-must be given full freedom and respect as they
discern and decide the Community in which they will live their new
life in Christ. In such discernment and decision, they are ultimately
responsible to God, and we dare not interfere with the exercise of that
responsibility. Also in our differences and disagreements, we Evangelicals
and Catholics commend one another to God "who by the power at work
within us is able to do far more abundantly than all that we ask or
think." (Ephesians 3) In this discussion of witnessing together we
have touched on difficult and long-standing problems. The difficulties
must not be permitted to overshadow the truths on which we are, by the
grace of God, in firm agreement. As we grow in mutual understanding and
trust, it is our hope that our efforts to evangelize will not jeopardize
but will reinforce our devotion to the common tasks to which we have
pledged ourselves in this statement.
Conclusion
Nearly two thousand years after it began, and nearly five hundred years
after the divisions of the Reformation era, the Christian Mission
to the world is vibrantly alive and assertive. We do not know, we cannot
know, what the Lord of history has in store for the Third Millennium. It
may be the springtime of world Missions and great Christian
expansion. It may be the way of the cross marked by persecution and
apparent marginalization. In different places and times, it will likely be
both. Or it may be that Our Lord will return tomorrow. We do know that his
promise is sure, that we are enlisted for the duration, and that we are in
this together. We do know that we must affirm and hope and search and
contend and witness together, for we belong not to ourselves but to him
who has purchased us by the blood of the cross. We do know that this is a
time of Opportunity-and, if of Opportunity, then of responsibility-for
Evangelicals and Catholics to be Christians together in a
way that helps prepare the world for the coming of him to whom belongs the
kingdom, the power, and the glory forever. Amen.
PARTICIPANTS: Mr. Charles Colson Prison Fellowship Fr. Juan
Diaz-Vilar, S.J. Catholic Hispanic Ministries Fr. Avery Dulles,
S.J. Fordham University Bishop Francis George, OMI Diocese of
Yakima (Washington) Dr. Kent Hill Eastern Nazarene College Dr.
Richard Land Christian Life Commission of the Southern
Baptist Convention Dr. Larry Lewis Home Mission Board
of the Southern Baptist Convention Dr. Jesse Miranda Assemblies of
God Msgr. William Murphy Chancellor of the Archdiocese of Boston Fr.
Richard John Neuhaus Institute on Religion and Public Life Mr.
Brian O'Connell World Evangelical Fellowship Mr. Herbert
Schlossberg Fieldstead Foundation Archbishop Francis Stafford
Archdiocese of Denver Mr. George Weigel Ethics and Public Policy
Center Dr. John White Geneva College and the National Association
of Evangelicals
ENDORSED BY: Dr. William Abraham Perkins School of Theology Dr.
Elizabeth Achtemeier Union Theological Seminary (Virginia) Mr.
William Bentley Ball Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Dr. Bill Bright
Campus Crusade for Christ Professor Robert Destro Catholic
University of America Fr. Augustine DiNoia, O.P. Dominican House of
Studies Fr. Joseph P. Fitzpatrick, S.J. Fordham University Mr.
Keith Fournier American Center for Law and Justice Bishop William
Frey Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry Professor Mary Ann
Glendon Harvard Law School Dr. Os Guinness Trinity Forum Dr.
Nathan Hatch University of Notre Dame Dr. James Hitchcock St.
Louis University Professor Peter Kreeft Boston College Fr. Matthew
Lamb Boston College Mr. Ralph Martin Renewal Ministries Dr.
Richard Mouw Fuller Theological Seminary Dr. Mark Noll Wheaton
College Mr. Michael Novak American Enterprise Institute John
Cardinal O'Connor Archdiocese of New York Dr. Thomas Oden Drew
University Dr. James J. I. Packer Regent College (British Columbia)
The Rev. Pat Robertson Regent University Dr. John Rodgers
Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry Bishop Carlos A. Sevilla, S.J.
Archiocese of San Francisco
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